Found 37 matches.
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Youth Justice in Europe: Experience of Germany, the Netherlands, and Croatia
Tags: International | General System Reform | Reports | Research
Youth Justice in Europe: Experience of Germany, the Netherlands, and Croatia in Providing Developmentally Appropriate Responses to Emerging Adults in the Criminal Justice System
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NJJN Restorative Justice Webinar Slides
Tags: International | Restorative Justice
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New Zealand's Youth Justice Transformation -- Lessons for the United States
Tags: Federal | International | Racial and Ethnic Disparities | General System Reform | Restorative Justice | NJJN Publications
NJJN analyzes New Zealand's justice transformation process -- including their successes and challenges -- and have translated these findings into important lessons for the U.S.
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New Zealand's Youth Justice Transformation Executive Summary
Tags: Federal | International | Racial and Ethnic Disparities | General System Reform | Restorative Justice | NJJN Publications
NJJN analyzes New Zealand's justice transformation process -- including their successes and challenges -- and have translated these findings into important lessons for the U.S.
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NCCD Now: A Question of Evidence, Pt. 2
Tags: International | Risk Assessment and Screening | Reports | Research | Partner Publications
National Council on Crime and Delinquency board chair Chris Baird critiques several risk assessment models in a comprehensive report.
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What Works in Managing Young People who Offend? A Summary of the International Evidence
Tags: International | General System Reform | Prevention | Reports | Research
In agreement with previous reviews, this review found that the approaches that tend to be the most effective at reducing youth reoffending are those that: 1) are targeted at individuals who are most at risk of reoffending; 2) consider their needs (including pre-existing risks); 3) assess their ability to respond to services provided; and, 4) take into account the wider context within which the offence occurred.
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United Nations Human Rights Council: Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
Tags: International | National | General System Reform | Institutional Conditions | Reports
In the present report, the Special Rapporteur focuses on children deprived of their liberty from the perspective of the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
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United Nations: Convention on the Rights of the Child - General Comment No. 10 (2007)
Tags: International | National | General System Reform | Administrative/Regulatory Policies | Reports
The objectives of this general comment are: To encourage States parties to develop and implement a comprehensive juvenile justice policy to prevent and address juvenile delinquency based on and in compliance with CRC.
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Psychosocial Maturity and Desistance From Crime in a Sample of Serious Juvenile Offenders
Tags: International | National | Brain and Adolescent Development | Research
This study of 1,300 serious juvenile offenders concludes that the majority of youthful offenders mature out of criminal behavior as their brains develop toward impulse control and future-orientation.
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U.N. Human Rights Council | Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Juan E. Méndez
Tags: International | National | Institutional Conditions | International and Human Rights | Life Without Parole and Parole Issues | Shackling | Reports
A report for the United Nations' Human Rights Council condemns the use of extreme sentencing, juvenile life without parole, shackling, solitary confinement, and youth in adult court in juvenile justice systems in the U.S.
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Presentation: Social Impact Bonds / Pay For Success: Pros, Cons, Promises and Risks
Tags: International | National | Presentations
PowerPoint presentation from NJJN-sponsored webinar "Social Impact Bonds / Pay For Success: Pros, Cons, Promises and Risks." Presenters: Kelly Walsh, John K. Roman, Kyle McKay.
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Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach (Full Text)
Tags: International | National | Brain and Adolescent Development | Reports
Full text of the National Academy of Sciences' highly influential report, "Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach." The report discusses adolescence as a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies.
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The Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility
Tags: International | Brain and Adolescent Development | General System Reform | International and Human Rights | Reports
This report from Penal Reform discusses international standards for determining the minimum age of criminal responsibility.
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Arrested Development: Confinement Can Negatively Affect Youth Maturation
Tags: International | National | Brain and Adolescent Development | Deinstitutionalization | Reports | NJJN Publications
According to recent research funded by the John D. and Catherine T. Macarthur Foundation's Models for Change Initiative, incarceration can stymie young people's psychosocial maturation--meaning that youth who experience incarceration may be more impulsive and susceptible to negative peer influence upon release, increasing the risk of re-arrest.
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IACHR Report on Admissibility: Juvenile Offenders Sentenced to Life Imprisonment Without Parole
Tags: International | Michigan | Life Without Parole and Parole Issues | Youth in the Adult System | Reports
A report on admissibility filed by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) in which the IACHR agrees to hear the petition filed on behalf of Michigan youth sentenced to life without parole.
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Criteria for the Design and Evaluation of Juvenile Justice Reform Programmes
Tags: International | General System Reform | Reports
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime's (UNODC) Interagency Panel on Juvenile Justice establishes criteria for the design and evaluation of juvenile juststice programs and the identification of good practices based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other international norms and standards.
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The Convention on the Rights of the Child: The National Juvenile Justice Network Responds to Opposition
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Reports | NJJN Publications
Brief outlining the arguments against ratification of the CRC and refuting their validity.
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Submission to the United Nations Human Rights Council, Campaign for the Fair Sentencing of Youth, Drug Policy Alliance, Justice Now, and The Sentencing Project
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Reports
Paper discussing the changes to the American juvenile justice system that need to be undertaken in order for the U.S. to be in compliance with U.N. human rights standards. These changes include: (1) ending racially disparate sentencing, juvenile life without parole sentencing, and the collateral consequences of felony convictions; (2) ending violations of incarcerated women's reproductive rights, ending inhumane treatment of mentally ill prisoners, and limiting confinement in supermax facilities; and (3) eliminating the barriers imposed by the Prison Litigation Reform Act.
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Discussion on the Convention of the Rights of the Child, Jessica Lenz, Coordinator, Child Rights Campaign
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Presentations
Discussion on the Convention of the Rights of the Child, Jessica Lenz, Coordinator, Child Rights Campaign.
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The Convention on the Rights of the Child: Implications for Juvenile Justice Reform, National Juvenile Justice Network
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Reports | NJJN Publications
Fact sheet summarizing the Convention on the Rights of the Child's (CRC) guidelines for youth in conflict with the law and highlighting the four core principles of the CRC: 1) non-discrimination; 2) child's best interests; 3) child's right to life, survival and development; and 4) consideration of the child's individual opinions.
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Toolkit for the Adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child by City Councils and State Legislatures, Children and Family Justice Center, Northwestern University School of Law
Tags: International | Illinois | International and Human Rights | Reports
Reference guide outlining the CRC resolution in Chicago and documenting how individuals may be effective in working towards this goal in their own communities. Toolkit includes a step-by-step guide to passing a CRC resolution in your municipality or state, with information about writing a background paper, building a coalition, engaging in outreach with local government officials, and drafting a resolution to passage.
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Improving School Climate: Findings From Schools Implementing Restorative Practices
Tags: International | Pennsylvania | Community-Based Alternatives and Supervision | School-to-Prison Pipeline | Restorative Justice | Reports | Research | Fact Sheets and Briefs
Restorative justice has the potential to transform the way schools, communities, and the criminal justice system respond to disruptive student behavior and violence.These findings are composed of excerpts from articles, as well as disciplinary data from individual schools and school districts, that give a snapshot of how restorative practices are being implemented and its effects.
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Convention on the Rights of the Child, United Nations
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Reports
Constitution-like document outlining the rights of children.
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Chicago City Council Passes Resolution in Support of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Media Advisory, Northwestern University
Tags: International | Illinois | International and Human Rights | Administrative/Regulatory Policies
Press release about the Chicago's resolution supporting the United Nations' CRC. The resolution itself states that the city of Chicago stands behind the CRC because it affirms Chicago's past commitment to protecting the vulnerable and innocent and because would provide a single, comprehensive framework within which the diverse arms of the Chicago city government that can assess and address, in a consistent manner, the rights and protections of children.
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Iatrogenic Effect of Juvenile Justice, Uberto Gatti, et al., The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Tags: International | General System Reform | International and Human Rights | Research
Study using data from a community sample of 779 low-SES boys to investigate whether intervention by the juvenile justice system is determined, at least in part, by particular individual, familial and social conditions, and whether intervention by the juvenile courts during adolescence increases involvement in adult crime. The results show that youth who are poor, impulsive, poorly supervised by their parents, and exposed to deviant friends are more likely, for the same degree of antisocial behavior, to undergo intervention by the juvenile court, and that this intervention greatly increases the likelihood of involvement with the penal system in adulthood. The results also show that the various measures recommended by the juvenile court exert a differential criminogenic effect; those that involve placement have the most negative impact.
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Convention on the Rights of the Child and Juvenile Justice, The Link, Child Welfare League of America
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Reports
The article discussing the status and history of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and how the Convention can and should guide juvenile justice policy and practice in the United States. The United States has not ratified the Convention, and many of the country's juvenile justice policies are in conflict with the principles of the Convention. The Convention can be used as an effective advocacy tool on a wide array of juvenile justice issues.
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R. v. D.B., 2008 SCC 25, Supreme Court of Canada
Tags: International | Sex Offender Registries | Court Decisions and Related Documents
In a 5-4 decision, the Canadian Supreme Court found it to be unconstitutional to require youth convicted of certain serious offenses to establish why they should be sentenced as juveniles. The requirement was a key provision in the Youth Criminal Justice Act. The decision firmly entrenches in Canada the concept that young offenders do not have the moral culpability of adults and requires courts to recognize their different capacities.
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Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination's Findings, United Nations
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Reports
Findings and recommendations from the U.N.'s Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. These recommendations include: (1) the State review the definition of racial discrimination used in the federal and state legislation and in court practice, so as to ensure that it prohibits racial discrimination in all its forms, including practices and legislation that may not be discriminatory in purpose, but in effect; (2) the State strengthen its efforts to combat racial profiling at the federal and state levels, inter alia by moving expeditiously towards the adoption of the End Racial Profiling Act, or similar federal legislation; and (3) the State undertake further studies to identify the underlying causes of de facto segregation and racial inequalities in education, with a view to elaborating effective strategies aimed at promoting school de-segregation and providing equal educational opportunity in integrated settings for all students.
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The Bridge Project Cost-Benefit Analysis
Tags: International | Fiscal Issues and Funding | Reports
This report analyzes the economic costs associated with juvenile offenses, to determine the cost-avoidance benefits associated with The Bridge Project of YMCA Victoria, in Victoria, Australia, which provides work placement and job training.
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Why Do "Shadow Reporting"?, U.S. Human Rights Network
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Reports
Brief describing the importance of juvenile justice "shadow reporting" the process by which information is submitted by non-governmental organizations to the treaty monitoring bodies that address omissions, deficiencies, or inaccuracies in the official government reports.
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Juvenile Justice and the Convention on the Rights of the Child - General Comment 10, Committee on the Rights of the Child
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Reports
Comment on the objectives of the Convention. These objectives are: (1) to encourage States to develop and implement a comprehensive juvenile justice policy to prevent and address juvenile delinquency based on and in compliance with the CRC, and to seek in this regard advice and support from the Interagency Panel on Juvenile Justice; (2) to provide States with guidance and recommendations for the content of this comprehensive juvenile justice policy, with special attention for prevention of juvenile delinquency; and (3) to promote the integration in a national and comprehensive juvenile justice policy of other international standards.
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Overview of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, United Nations
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Reports
Overview document describing the aim of the Convention and key issues addressed by the Convention. These issues include: (1) defining "child," (2) eliminating inhuman and degrading treatment and punishment, (3) framing detention as a measure of last resort, (4) treating children with humanity and in an age-appropriate manner, (5) providing legal assistance, and (6) discussing general legal safeguards.
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Shadow Report" to the U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Juvenile Justice Advocates
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Reports
Report addressing racial and ethnic discrimination in the juvenile justice system, starting with the criminalization of children in school and through the sentencing of children to life without parole. Major points of the report: (1) the school system has become a significant entry point into the juvenile justice system through harsh disciplinary policies that mandate school suspension, expulsion, and arrest for an increasing array of minor student behaviors and typical adolescent rule infractions; (2) from 1985 to 1995, the number of youth held in secure, pre-trial detention in the U.S. increased by 72 percent; (3) the majority of children in the juvenile justice system are poor, children of color, and represented by ineffective counsel; (4) African American and Latino/a youth regularly receive more severe sentences than white youth across all types of crime categories adjudicated in juvenile courts; (5) the facts of racial discrimination in the incarceration of children who have been adjudicated in juvenile or adult criminal court are undisputed.
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Human Rights as a Catalyst for Juvenile Justice Reform, National Collaboration for Youth and National Juvenile Justice Network
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Reports | NJJN Publications
Brief providing juvenile justice and youth advocates with a basic primer on international law as it relates to the treatment of youth in conflict with the law and including examples of how juvenile justice advocates have been using and can continue to use international law for reform efforts in the U.S.
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Life-Without-Parole Youth Terms Scrutinized, David Eggert, The Detroit News
Tags: International | Michigan | International and Human Rights | Life Without Parole and Parole Issues | Media
Short article on the United Nations review of Michigan's use of juvenile life without parole.
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The Death Penalty and Life Imprisonment Without the Possibility of Release for Youth Offenders Who Were Under the Age of 18 at the Time of the Offense, Human Rights Advocates
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Life Without Parole and Parole Issues | Reports
Report focusing on the imposition of the death penalty and life without parole sentences on juvenile offenders. Paper discusses the juvenile death penalty within the context of international law and the practice as it is implemented in those few remaining countries that still allow it and any positive developments in the effort to abolish it. Paper also looks at the imposition of life without parole sentences on juvenile offenders in the context of international standards, concluding that the ban on juvenile life without parole has reached the level of customary international law. Finally, paper sets forth recommendations to abolish the both the juvenile death penalty and life without parole sentences for juvenile offenders.
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Centre for Child Law Applicant v. Minister for Justice and Constitutional Development, South African Constitutional Court
Tags: International | International and Human Rights | Court Decisions and Related Documents
South African court opinion that ends minimum sentencing for children aged 16 and 17.
